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(red) daylight hours with a dot-shaped shadow ().
The equinoctial hours are equal to the temporal hours at the ; the lines of both types of hours intersect.]]
Unequal hours are the division of the daytime and the night into 12 sections each, whatever the season. They are also called temporal hours, seasonal hours, biblical or Jewish hours, as well as ancient or Roman hours (). They are unequal duration periods of time because days are longer and nights shorter in summer than in winter. Their use in everyday life was replaced in the late Middle Ages by the now common ones of equal duration.
The first temporal hour of daylight begins at sunrise, the first of night at sunset. For example, if daylight and night are each divided into twelve temporal hours, noon and midnight are each the beginning of the seventh hour.
A clock that displays the temporal hours is called a temporal clock.
Due to the continuous change of the duration of daylight over the course of the year, the duration of the day division, i.e. the temporal day hours and the temporal night hours, also changes over the year.
The temporal hours of day and night are equal only at the spring and autumn .
From 66.5° north/south latitude () the sun no longer sets (the horizon) every day in summer and rises every day in winter. Day does not occur.
In Western culture they were adopted from the Roman calendar and were adopted in the Middle Ages era. They had particular relevance in the fixed daily schedule of the Monastery Religious order. This division of time allowed the work of the day -such as eating, praying, or working -to always be performed at the same (temporal) hour, regardless of season (Prayer of the Hours).
This chronology is used by Jewish religious law (Halakha), hence the Jewish Relative hour.
Mechanical encouraged the adoption of equinoctial hours.
Many astronomical clocks created during the transition to the equal-duration equinoctial hours display temporal hours in addition to the new equal-duration hours.
Even where temporal hours continued to be used (especially in monasteries), the mechanical clock was used. This required two different settings for the day and for the night, or one clock each for the day and the night. For the latter, the speed of the verge escapement (Waag) was changed, for example, in 26 steps (i.e., half the numerical value of 52 weeks). In the weeks of the equinox, both clocks could be operated with the middle weight position on the balance.
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